ICT Innovation in Accounting Education

ICT Innovation in Accounting Education The study of ICT Innovation in Accounting Education INTRODUCTION We live in the age of information and also needs to it for decision making. There are several fields that provide information such as Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Accounting. In this paper, we investigate ICT Innovation in Accounting Education that helps to prepare and present useful financial information to users. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Accounting Education ICT has created significant benefits for accounting. ICT networks and computer systems have shortened the lead time needed by accountants to prepare and present financial information to management and stakeholders. Not only ICT has shortened the lead time required to present financial information, but it also has improved the overall efficiency, accuracy of the information and training accounting for students.[1] ICT has created better opportunities to training accounting that help students in understand and also have shortened the lead time required to training. There are researchers that indicate profound impact ICT on training accounting such as: Bennett and Bennett (2003) that investigated the impacts of perceived characteristics of ICT on faculty members’ willingness to integrate it in their teaching. They found out that the most important factor which impedes the use of technology in higher education is not the lack of technological facilities or financial funds, but faculty members’ reluctance and their disbelief in the use of technology.[2] Medlin (2001) investigated different variables which are likely to affect teachers’ decisions on making use of electronic technologies throughout the teaching process. He indicated that the personal motivation is an important factor which forces faculty members to improve their teaching methods and contribute to the learning of students by technological means.[3] Ma, Andersson, and Streith (2005) studied the impact of ICT on training accounting and they found out that:[4] The student teachers’ perceived usefulness of computer technology had a direct significant effect on their intention to use it. The student teachers perceived ease of use had only an indirect significant effect on intention to use; however. The student teachers’ subjective norm that is the possible influence of external expectations did not have any direct or indirect significant effect on their intention to use computer technology. Li (2004) studied the relation between ICT and Education at China Agricultural University (CAU), in which he concluded that CAU faculty tended to agree with the existence of the five attributes of WBDE (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trainability, and observability).[5] The researchers show independent variables that have impotent role in ICT such as relative advantage, compatibility, ease of use, result and demonstrability. Relative advantage Relative advantage is degree which an innovation is perceived as being better than the idea it supersedes. It is often expressed in terms of economic profitability, productivity, convenience, satisfaction and so on. Some researches have referred relative advantage of an innovation as its perceived usefulness, that is the degree to which the users subjective probability that using a specific system will enhance his or her productivity.[6] Compatibility Compatibility is degree to which an innovation is perceived as consistent with the existing values, past experiences and needs of potential adopters. Some researchers have stated that an innovation can be compatible or incompatible with cultural values, believably values, previously introduced ideas and client needs for the innovation.[7] Ease of use Ease of User is degree to which an innovation is perceived as relatively easy to understand and use. Researchers have observed that technology users perceive a technology as user-friendly if it is easy to learn, become skillful, flexible and is controllable.[8] The Web as an Innovation in Accounting Education In generally, innovation refers to the creation of better or more effective products, processes, technologies, ideas that affect companies, markets, goverments, indevuals and students. Innovation generally signifies a substantial change compared to entirely new or incremental changes. Innovation can use in varius contexts such as IT and Education.[9] The various researches have been provided that indicate profound impact ICT on student learning and also have showed role of innovation in ICT and Accounting Education. Some of these researches are: Khaled Dwhawy and †¦ (2005) investigated the use of IT in Teaching Accounting in Egypt. They have indicated that their acceptance of the new tools in training such as CD is highly dependent on the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of the tool. They suggested that there is a need for more to be done to enhance understanding of teaching accounting in developing nations in general, especially through the use of information technology.[10] Pugalee and Robinson (1998) suggested that technology applications have been found to improve student’s motivation to learn and to expand their self-confidence. With specific reference to the Web, they suggested that the Internet can provide students with a learning environment that is compatible with the way they prefer to learn.[11] Lebeile.S and Abeysekera (2010) investigated The Spread of ICT Innovation in Accounting Education and they have tested various dimensions ICT Innovation in major university of Sydney with independent variables. Their results proved to be significant in relation to all four independent variables: relative advantage, compatibility, ease of use, result and demonstrability.[12] Objective of study An understanding of accounting concepts for students has depended to method of training. Usage IT in Accounting Education can help to it. Therefore, Objective of this study helps to Accounting Education on the base of ICT Innovation. Hypotheses of study The main hypothesis is that â€Å"The Innovation attributes of relative advantage, compatibility and ease of use will be associated with accounting student’s intention for future use of WEBLEARN for learning purpose.† This hypothesis divided to three Sub-hypotheses that investigate various dimensions ICT Innovation. Those are: Relative advantage (of ICT) is positively correlated with ICT adoption in WEBLEARN. Compatibility (of ICT) is positively correlated with ICT  Adoption in WEBLEARN. Ease of use (of ICT) is positively correlated with ICT  adoption in WEBLEARN. Methodology of the study Data of study gathered from an anonymous questionnaire administered to 30 students in an accounting unit at a major college in pune university, India at 2010. Then, we classify data on the base of relative advantage, compatibility, and ease of and after that we tested it in SAS software by using mean, standard division, T-test, Adjusted R2 and P-value. Analysis of resulting The result of research indicate that ICT Innovation have significant impact on training accounting to students. The use ICT can help students that learn concepts, assumption and standards of accounting to ease way and quickly. The WEBLEARN used by students is to be effectiveness as a learning tool for topic cost of goods soled for students. This paper indicates that students who used WEBLEARN have suitable comprehension about cost of goods soled than traditional tools. The qualitative data indicate mixed feelings regarding the Relative advantage, Compatibility and Ease of use as components of WEBLEARN for cost of goods soled. Many student comments relating to the Relative advantage, Compatibility and Ease of use were effectiveness in learning. The majority of students’ responses were highly positive. Table show that P-value less than a=.05 and also T-test more than 1.96. Hence statistical tests confirm result of study. Descriptive Statistics N=50 Conclusion and Suggestion of the study This study test impact of ICT Innovation on Accounting Education and find out that IT can play important role in training accounting and help students and lecturers until achieve to their objectives. Innovation in IT causes that trainings tools have profound impact on students. Future research could also investigate other applications of technology in educational. References   Bennett, J., Bennett, L, 2003, A review of factors that influence the diffusion of innovation when structuring a faculty training program. Internet and Higher Education. eHow.com/impact of ICT on accounting Lebeile.S and Abeysekera, 2010, The Spread of ICT Innovation in Accounting Education, International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, Volume.22, Number.2. Li, Y, 2004, Faculty Perceptions About Attributes and Barriers Impacting Diffusion of Web-Based Distance Education (WBDE) at the China Agricultural University, doctoral dissertation, Texas AM University, USA. Khaled Dwhawy, E. Tooma and S.Kamel, 2005, The use of IT in Teaching Accounting in Egypt, The American University in Cairo, Communications of the IIMA, Volume.5, Issue.3. Kotler, P, 1991, marketing management: analysis, planning implementation, and control. NJ: Prentice-Hall. Ma, W. W., Andersson, R., Streith, K-O, 2005, examining user acceptance of computer technology: An empirical study of student teachers. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 21. Medlin, B. D, 2001, The Factors that May Influence a Faculty Members Decision to Adopt Electronic Technologies in Instruction, doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Pugalee D.K and Robinson. R, 1998, the study of the impact of teacher training in using internet resource for mathematics and science instruction, Journal of Research on Computing in Education, Issue.31. Rogers, E.M, 2003, the diffusion of innovations (5th Ed), NY: Free Press. Sentamu, F.X, 2001, Information technology, organizational culture and the performance of National Water and Sewerage Corporation, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.mht [1] eHow.com/impact of ICT on accounting   [2] Bennett, J., Bennett, L. (2003). A review of factors that influence the diffusion of innovation when structuring a faculty training program. Internet and Higher Education, 6, 53–63.   [3] Medlin, B. D. (2001). The Factors that May Influence a Faculty Members Decision to Adopt Electronic Technologies in Instruction, doctoral dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.   [4] Ma, W. W., Andersson, R., Streith, K-O. (2005). Examining user acceptance of computer technology: An empirical study of student teachers. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 21, 387–395.   [5] Li, Y. (2004). Faculty Perceptions About Attributes and Barriers Impacting Diffusion of Web-Based Distance Education (WBDE) at the China Agricultural University, doctoral dissertation, Texas AM University, USA.   [6] Kotler, P. (1991). Marketing management :analysis, planning implementation, and control. NJ: Prentice-Hall.   [7] Sentamu, F.X. (2001). Information technology, organizational culture and the performance of National Water and Sewerage Corporation. Unpublished master (of Business Adm.) dissertation, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.   [8] Rogers, E.M. (2003). The diffusion of innovations (5th ed.). NY: Free Press.   [9] Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.mht   [10] Khaled Dwhawy, E. Tooma and S.Kamel, 2005, The use of IT in Teaching Accounting in Egypt, The American University in Cairo, Communications of the IIMA, Volume.5, Issue.3.   [11] Pugalee D.K and Robinson.R, 1998, Astudy of the impact of teacher training in using internet resource for mathematics and science instruction, Journal of Research on Computing in Education, Issue.31, Page.78-88.   [12] Lebeile. S and Abeysekera, 2010, The Spread of ICT Innovation in Accounting Education, International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, Volume.22, Number.2, Page. 158-168.

International Business Essay

Review Questions 2.- Why is it important for you to study international business? * Almost any large organization you work for will have international operations or be affected by the global economy. * You start your own business, you may find yourself using foreign-made materials or equipment, competing with foreign, and perhaps even selling in foreign markets. * Keep pace with your future competitors. 5.- What is portfolio investment? * Foreign portfolio investments (FPI) are purchases of foreign financial assets (stocks, bonds, and certificates of deposit) for a purpose other than control. An example of portfolio investment is the purchase of 1,000 shares of Sony’s common stock by a Danish pension fund. 6.- What are the basic reasons for the recent growth of international business activity? * There are two broad reasons: strategic imperatives, which motivate globalization, and environmental changes, which facilitate it. Questions for Discussion 5.- What are some of the differences in skills that may exist between managers in a domestic firm and those in an international firm? Domestic firm; * Local workers. * Legal system. * Local supply. International firm; * Languages. * Currency * Cultures and new markets. CHAPTER # 02 Review Questions 2.- How do differences in income levels and income distribution among countries affect international business? The most important piece of information needed by international business people about a country is its income level because it provides clues to the purchasing power of residents. One important source of income statistics is the World Bank, which divides the world’s countries into high-income, middle-income, low-income categories. 4.- What is keiretsu? * Japanese industry is controlled by large families of interrelated companies, that is typically centered on a major Japanese bank. The bank takes primary responsibility for meeting the keiretsu’s financing needs. Members are also protected from hostile takeovers by an elaborate system of cross-ownership of shares in which keiretsu members own shares in one another’s companies. 8.- How did import substitution policies affect the economies of Brazil and Argentina? * The companies must pay higher prices for domestically produced inputs than do their foreign competitors. The government must subsidize these firms and often nationalize them to preserve urban jobs. The high costs of doing this are passed on to taxpayers and to consumers through higher prices, but over time the government runs a budget deficit. The result is inflation and destruction of middle-class savings. The continent is still plagued, however, by an inability to create policies that bridge the chasm between the rich and the poor. The lack of economic and social mobility has trapped generation of South Americans in poverty and despairs and created political instability in many of their countries. Questions for Discussion 3.- Ethnic ties, old colonial alliances, and shared languages appear to affect international trade. Why might this be so? If true, how does this affect international business’ strategies regarding which markets to enter? * It’s easier to do business with people who have same culture, religion, language, and is better for companies to get into these markets first. CHAPTER # 03 Review Questions 1.- Describe the four different types of legal systems with which international business must deal. * Common law: is based on the cumulative wisdom of judges’ decisions on individual cases through history. These cases create legal precedents, which other judges use to decide similar cases. * Civil Law: is based on a codification, or detailed listing, of what is and is not permissible. * Religious Law: is based on the officially established rules governing the faith and practice of a particular religion. * Bureaucratic Law: the legal system is communist and in dictatorships is often described as bureaucratic law. 9.- What is the impact of differing accounting standards on the international capital market? * Comparing the financial reports of firms from different countries is exceedingly complex, making it more difficult for international investors to assess the performance of the world’s business. 10.-What is political risk? What forms can it take? * Political risks are many changes in the political environment that many adversely affect the value of a firm’s business activities. * Forms: * Ownership risk, in which the property of a firm is threatened through confiscation or expropriation. * Operating risk, in which the ongoing operations of a firm and/or the safety of its employees are threatened through changes in laws, environmental standards, tax codes, terrorism, armed insurrection, and so forth. * Transfer risk, in which the government interferes with a firm’s ability to shift funds into and out of the country. Questions for Discussion 2.- What is the impact of vigorous enforcement of intellectual property rights on the world economy? Who gains and who loses form strict enforcement of these laws? * The impact vigorous enforcement of intellectual property rights on the world economy will be very benefits for development countries but for poor countries it will be a big economic problem because they have a habit to live with piracy products, and the familiar economy can’t pay for medium cost products like dvd, books, music, etc. * The real authors publishing companies will gain and mafias of piracy will lose because they live of that kind of work.

Things You Wont Like About Apa Reasearch Paper and Things You Will

Things You Won't Like About Apa Reasearch Paper and Things You Will The Dirty Truth on Apa Reasearch Paper A reader browsing through paper titles in an on-line database needs to be in a position to rapidly read your title and know precisely what your paper is all about. You must get the research done promptly, which means you have sufficient time to compose the very best paper possible. The search results may likewise not be practical for your research paper just because they don't offer enough details. So, first of all, a college research paper has to be informative. The research essay is basically a more in-depth variant of the 5 paragraph essay. Walden University provides an exceptional description of the way to outline a paper. Now let's look at picking a topic for your paper. Of course, when you're searching for a professional to assist edit your paper, be sure you get in touch with the Kibin editors. Now you have a great deal of credible sources and you've taken notes, you're want to outline. Nobody will argue that It's quite challenging to compose an academic paper if there's no structure for it. A research paper that concerns scientific issues is not only a free-style essay where it is possible to tell readers whatever you desire. Apa Reasearch Paper Options Remember it is not the aim of APA format to create the document appear nice. The APA advises that you use the author-date method. APA format is well-known among students because of its simple guidelines and approach. Papers in MLA format stipulates a procedure for documentation. Most importantly, it should have a statement of the research question your project investigates. So long as you create a technique that is suitable for you and that includes the identical information as a conventional outline, you're fine. You also need to avoid words that serve no actual purpose or that don't communicate essential info. What's the goal of the site. Be aware that the writing is detailed. The ideal research paper writing service is one which guarantees original work. Sure, it does not have to be difficult to read an assignment and think you understand just what you ought to be writing. Besides getting organized, you will want to get a good comprehension of the practice of writing a paper. Permit us to explain what makes us the ideal essay writing service in the marketplace. Such businesses offer assistance of experienced writers and authors, that are ready to finish the task for you. UK to look after your lengthy essays because your research skills aren't very good. For example if you're writing a business letter you may use a template that has space assigned for your address, your clients address and similar requisites. You can't afford a minimal grade make certain it doesn't happen. Every time students decide tobuya paper, they should settle on a company, which is equipped to correspond with their requirements. College students should use a suitable numbering for unique sections. They are expected to deliver high quality research papers that meet strict requirement as to contents and form. In case you're not able to do the research paper because of any reason, you can trust ProfEssays to write for you in accordance to your requirements. In the event you d oubt that you're able to handle the job, make certain you start looking for expert support. The report is targeted at creating an awareness of the term insomnia and to comprehend how appropriate medication is effective in treating insomnia. The use of the report is to make a comprehension of insomnia as well as it causes. It is possible to also enable the introduction with thesis be the very first Roman numeral heading. APA is a well-liked reference style employed in many types of academic writing. When writing references, APA style advises that you give the author's last name and utilize initials for the rest of the names. It recommends that your title is no more than 12 words in length. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Apa Reasearch Paper You may wish to support your outcome and go over your findings. Taking their thoughts and impressions into account will produce a more confident and enthusiastic employee. The analysis further, gives a therapy which can be utilis ed to lessen prevalence of Insomnia. In some instances, research could have been supported by more than 1 institution.

Charter Schools vs. Public Schools Essay - 1341 Words

Charter Schools vs. Public Schools Are charter schools the right choice to the educational needs of our children? Charter schools are tuition free public schools created and operated by parents, organizations, and community groups to fill student’s educational needs. Charter schools consider educating their students as the priority, and identify how children’s learning needs are different from each other, so they came up with different ways on educating their students such as learning in small groups, or by participating in hands on learning. Along with their unique programs such as art, math, and science, charter schools are also the stronger academic choice for students. Parents should consider charter schools for their children’s†¦show more content†¦Public education has had a negative effect on students; it’s often because of the bigger class sizes, poor test scores, and high crime in the surrounding areas. Public schools need to revise their system to determine what’s t he best fit for their student’s educational needs. All children who live in a school district have a right to attend a district school. Many parents would like more options and opportunities for their child, and would like to be involved in their child’s education. Charter schools are part of the answer for a better educational choice for children’s academic achievement. Charter schools have many successful methods and continue to pave the way for children’s education needs . Most charter schools offer a better education program then most public schools. Many individuals can say that their attendance at Cleveland public school, and that their time there had a positive effect on their lives. However, Cleveland public schools are now a disgrace. Most have a high rating of high school drop outs and teen pregnancies, and a record of students failing all five parts of the Ohio graduation test. 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